A whole lot of people are focusing on all the bizarreness and insanity from the President’s speech at the Republican Jewish Coalition that once again conflated American Jews with Israelis, as well as former Senator Norm Coleman’s equally bizarre, as well as idolatrous response. While it is important to pay attention to this stuff, including the obsequiousness and boot licking of those toadying up to the President like Norm Coleman, there is important actual news coming out of Israel. And news that has the possibility, if it actually plays out, to light Israel, the Occupied Territories, and the Levant aflame!
As part of his bid to hold on to power and be reelected, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu has promised to annex the Israeli settlements in the Israeli occupied West Bank into Israel proper.
On Saturday, Netanyahu told Israeli TV he would annex Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank if he wins, a last-minute promise likely to enrage Palestinians and the Arab world.
I cannot state just how incendiary a promise this is, despite it clearly being the endgame of the hard to extreme right coalition that Netanyahu has assembled over the past decade to rule Israel regarding the occupied territories.
Right now the Israeli occupied West Bank is divided into three zones of control: A, B, and C under the Oslo II Accords. Zone A is under full Palestinian civilian and security control and comprises about 18% of the West Bank. Zone B is under Palestinian civilian control and joint Israeli-Palestinian security control and makes up about 22% of the West Bank. Zone C is under full Israeli civilian and military (administrative and security) control and accounts for almost 63% of all land in the West Bank, much of which is being occupied by the Israelis in violation of the Oslo II and Wye River Accords. Under the Oslo II Accords all Israeli settlements are, officially, in Zone C. The portions of Zone C that are not settlements, legal or otherwise, are off limits to Palestinians as the Israelis require it for “strategic depth” in case one or more Arab state attacks across the Jordan River. In the map below Zone C is demarcated in the light and slightly darker green:
(Map 1: The Israeli occupied West Bank)
This State Department map from 2015, while being less detailed, shows how Israeli settlements and check points have turned the West Bank into an archipelago of sorts, with Palestinian villages, towns, and cities isolated and cut off from each other. The non-contiguous white areas (Zones A and B) are Palestinian in that they are under Palestinian civilian control (both zones) and security control (Zone A).
(Map 2: 2015 State Department Map of Israel and the Israeli Occupied Territories)
Netanyahu’s announcement that he will annex the Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank into Israel proper has been my worry since the President announced last month that the US was recognizing that the Israeli occupied Golan Heights are part of Israel proper. There has also been an official change in US diplomatic language, driven by Secretary Pompeo at the State Department, that the US will no longer refer to the West Bank, Gaza, and the Golan Heights as occupied territories. This change only reinforces my concern. While this change in official and diplomatic language only seems to have been noticed in the US news media during Secretary Pompeo’s trip to Israel last month, it actually goes back to 2018. The language change was actually made in the US Department of State Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2018. If Bibi does go ahead with this proposed annexation as campaign promise, I expect that the President, as was the case with his hasty recognition that the Golan Heights are part of Israel and not Israeli occupied, will announce that the US recognizes the Israeli settlements and the rest of Zone C as part of Israel. Should it eventually leak out, I would also not be surprised to find out that Secretary Pompeo gave tacit American approval for this when he visited Israel last month in order to bolster Netanyahu’s reelection bid.
While it is almost impossible to predict what the Palestinians, let alone the other Arab states, will do should Netanyahu officially annex the Israeli settlements and outposts into Israel proper, I would not be surprised if a third intifada were to soon follow such an announcement. The Palestinians will have very little left to lose if Netanyahu does this. But even if there is not a wide scale Palestinian uprising, I would expect a spike in terrorism, which may be what Bibi is counting on. A violent Palestinian response to his remarks this close to the election would allow Bibi to take action that makes him look tough and decisive thereby helping to secure his and the members of his coalition’s reelection. And despite his attempts to build not quite completely under the table and/or back channel relations with the Saudis and the Emiratis, if Netanyahu takes this action, Jared’s nascent and always soon to be, but never announced peace agreement will be dead before arrival.
Open thread.
Full disclosure: From December 2013 through June 2014 I was assigned, under temporary assigned control, as the Cultural Advisor to the Commanding General of US Army Europe in support of US Army Europe’s assignment by the Office of the Secretary of Defense for Security Dialogue in the Middle East via US European Command regarding the 2014 US backed Israeli-Palestinian peace process. From June 2014 through August 2014 I was assigned, under operational control, from the Office of the Secretary of Defense for Security Dialogue in the Middle East to US Army Europe as the Cultural Advisor to the Commanding General of US Army Europe to assist the Chief of Assessments with finalizing the US Army Europe’s (DOD) report regarding the Palestinian Authority’s capabilities regarding security and stability. I served as the executive editor and the quality assurance/quality control officer for that report, as well as being the primary author of the report’s historical introduction and a separate strategic assessment of the viability of the US’s two state solution policy and strategy.
Mike in NC
Bibi should announce that there are “caravans filled with bad hombres” heading towards Jerusalem. Trump thought it was a genius move and will beat that dead horse well into 2020.
cain
Bibi is scum. He’s purposely inflaming the Palestinians into causing violence so he can annex the territories as part of keeping them safe. Asshole. I have no idea what the Palestinian authority is going to do much less Hamas. I hope they understand it was designed to infame them. The smart thing to do is form a coalition with the rest of the world and simply put economic pressure on Israel. An intifada would be the absolutely wrong thing to do.
Brachiator
The sad thing is, fewer Americans care what enrages the Palestinian people and the Arab world. The presumption is that Muslim reaction is by definition irrational.
Further, Trump has an atavistic vision of foreign relations, the primitive idea that it is only natural that a powerful country annex occupied or conquered territory. You saw this clearly from his early musings that the US should have seized Iraqi oil as tribute of conquest.
The US has effectively decoupled from the UN and can blow off any complaints directed at Israel.
The only wild card is how Putin might react to this.
OTOH, Democratic Party candidates will now have to scramble to come up with a foreign policy position. Or maybe leave it to Pelosi and the Democratic Party Senate leadership to respond.
And Bolton might just get his war.
Adam L Silverman
@cain:
The US would block it. This is, essentially, what the BDS movement is intended to do. Put the same pressure on Israel to change their behavior as was brought against South Africa to end apartheid. In the US, however, BDS has been declared to be anti-Semitic and is being used as a weapon to pummel those who would like to see Israeli policy towards the Palestinians change.
Brachiator
@Mike in NC:
Damn, that is funny, in a very twisted way.
@cain:
Never going to happen. Trump would do everything he could to prevent this, including dropping tariffs all over the place.
debbie
This monster must be stopped, though it appears he’s coasting to reelection.
scav
Of the nations attempting self-immolation, Israel makes England look sane.
CaseyL
Christian Dominionists have a large influence over US foreign policy, and they believe Trump is God’s Chosen. I wouldn’t be surprised if they had Trump simply declare that all the Jews already live in Israel (in spirit if not in the flesh) – a necessary precursor to Armageddon. When Trump referred to Bibi as “your PM” in front of a roomful of GOP Jews, I wonder if that’s what he meant.
Sayne
My first reaction when I saw the news this morning: “My god, Bibi is trying to start a war for is reelection campaign.”
cain
@Adam L Silverman:
I think it is quite clear that the U.S. is no longer “leader of the free world”, and since it’s quite obvious to anybody involved that the U.S. has absolutely no moral leg to stand on. Yes, they have UN veto, but given the U.S. continues to isolate itself in most of their dealing in the world, what’s to prevent another country to assume the mantle and say this is a clear violation of sovereignty.
@Brachiator:
That will only hasten his own demise. The country is already hurting from his tariffs. The world is already ways around the U.S. and finding new markets. That’s happening in South America. Hell even Israel is doing that.
cain
@CaseyL:
Imagine if NYC was declared part of Israel because the large Jewish population? :-)
Adam L Silverman
@Sayne: He’s got a limited playbook and he sticks to it.
Adam L Silverman
@cain:
The only countries with the ability to do this are not the countries you want to do this. The ones you want to: Germany, France, Canada, New Zealand don’t have the ways and means to achieve the ends.
sharl
I’ve been fascinated by this grim and dark trend in Israeli politics, the die for which may have been cast way back during Israel’s founding, a component of which includes the largely (and successfully) suppressed reports on the more sordid details of the founding and territorial consolidation of that nation. [I suppose the founding history of almost any nation will be found to be problematic in its own unique way. Just comparing the U.S. and Israel alone, lots of folks have noted the similarity of trending maps showing loss of Native American/Palestinian lands with time.]
Abraham Riesman very recently wrote a long and thoughtful thing that, while centered on one aspect of Israel’s internal politics, did touch on a number of other aspects of the political history there: Whatever Happened to the Israeli Left? – On the eve of the Jewish state’s elections, an appraisal of the battered opposition. One Palestinian activist interviewed by Riesman felt that – all other things being equal – she preferred that Netanyahu win the upcoming election, because at least with him the awfulness of the Palestinian suppression is readily apparent and on full display, and there’s no reason to believe that things for them will be any better under Bibi’s opponent, though political and opinion leaders elsewhere in the world might wishfully assume otherwise.
Unfortunately, this will be good business for lefty Jewish cartoonist Eli Valley, who for a number of years has been inking grotesque depictions of Trump-lovin’ leaders of the Republican Jewish Committee, as well as Netanyahu and other sociopathic Israeli Likudniks. Sales of Diaspora Boy are gonna climb I think.
Brachiator
@cain:
Not necessarily. Also, Trump don’t care. He might even welcome a terrorist attack since this would justify harsh treatment of Muslims in the US.
Bibi and Trump clearly believe that they have a free hand to do what they want.
debbie
@sharl:
Actually, I think the die was cast when Yitzak Rabin was assassinated by a Jewish settler.
Adam L Silverman
@sharl: Beni Gantz isn’t left of center. He’s right of center and was a particularly hard liner as a general and head of the IDF. It’s just that in comparison to Netanyahu he looks moderate. That’s how far the Israeli right has moved over the past 15 to 20 years.
opiejeanne
This post chafes me. (I think you meant to use chaff in the title. Curses be upon autocorrect! Or maybe you meant it as a joke, clever fellow that you are.)
Adam L Silverman
@debbie: Incited by Bibi’s campaign rhetoric. A classic and near perfect example of stochastic terrorism.
Adam L Silverman
@opiejeanne: Thanks, I’ve fixed it.
debbie
@Adam L Silverman:
I haven’t heard anything recently about Bibi’s corruption issues. Please tell me they haven’t disappeared.
cain
@Adam L Silverman:
Is violence then the only way forward? What is the catalyst to finally see something resolved now that the U.S. under Trump has picked a side and moving forward?
some guy
Apartheid today, Apartheid tomorrow, Apartheid forever. /US political class
cain
@Brachiator:
They think so, but there is only so much one can do. They have a free hand because the economy is still doing well. (not necessarily for his base though) As things continue to descend into chaos, I don’t think it’s sustainable.
opiejeanne
@Adam L Silverman: Thanks for this post, too. Meant to say that. You help us understand the bigger picture of the horror by explaining the smaller bits, although Bibi is definitely not a smaller bit. I was a bit stunned when I read a short version of his announcement that he would annex the West Bank, thinking his recent corruption indictment would keep him busy and possibly quiet, but I should have known better.
Adam L Silverman
@debbie: They haven’t disappeared. Though he’s running a PR campaign against the attorney general. My guess is that if he’s reelected, he’ll try to come up with some way to get rid of the attorney general and squash the investigation.
Gator90
I’m still reeling from the disclosure that Bibi is my prime minister. Like having DJT as my president doesn’t suck enough.
Adam L Silverman
@cain: It isn’t, but you can’t be the hegemon without the ability to actually back up your diplomatic, economic, and/or information power with military power. And, in this case, Bibi, like other authoritarians recognizes nothing that interferes with his ability to do what he wants. So the only thing that could and would get his attention is force.
Origuy
The late historian Barbara Tuchman wrote a book called The March of Folly. If she were alive today, she would have enough material for a second volume.
debbie
@some guy:
I just went back through my files and found that I read Philip Roth’s Operation Shylock in July 2010. It had been published in 1993. In the book, there are long monologues by various characters who each try to explain the situation in Israel (without much success). I remember thinking that in the 17 years since publication, not much has changed. If I could bear to read it again, I’d confirm that still not much has changed.
Adam L Silverman
@opiejeanne: No worries.
Makes note to proofread post titles, not just the body of the post…
debbie
@Adam L Silverman:
Good, thanks.
opiejeanne
@cain: They’d have to add Los Angeles and a big chunk of Florida.
cain
@Adam L Silverman:
Start canceling contracts with Israeli defense contractors and you’ll get his attention. Defense contractors are the whiniest assholes. They’ll run to Bibi and start bitching. Of course, the U.S. holds the largest set of contracts, but they must have others with other countries.
The real pressure would be with bordering countries like Egypt. But since that el-Sisi is himself a hard righter, I’m not sure that they would do anything. In the past, muslim leaders would use the Palestinian conflict as ways play on their people’s emotions to keep power. (all learned from the British :P while treating Palestinians like diseased animal. I’m not talking about violence, deny Israelis access to all their hot vacation places, deny visas elsewhere.. disruption.
cain
@opiejeanne:
Of course. Of course, my suggestion was tongue in cheek, since Pakistan tried to pull the same shit during partition. Basically they wanted Hyderabad because it was predominately muslim.. if if it wasn’t for Sardar Patel, we’d have a swiss cheese of a country.
(I think that was why they built Israel in the first place, take some land on an area that could be taken by force, and sweep the whole thing under the rug instead of giving up their own land)
Jerzy Russian
@Adam L Silverman:
In the spirit of pointing out small and inconsequential flaws in an otherwise excellent piece, there is:
Needs “little” in there somewhere.
I assume the usual suspects are going apeshit over a politician suggesting Jews have dual loyalties to Israel and the USA?
Another Scott
Cui bono?
As of April of last year, the US has given nearly $135B. Maybe it’s time for the US to say, sure, whatever Bibi, go your own way. We’re done.
Wasn’t this (proposed) outcome baked in the cake of Israeli policy as soon as they started building “settlements” after the 1967 war, and especially under Begin in the late 1970s?
It’s horrible, and nothing good will come of it, but Israel has been on this road for a very long time.
I believe that Carter spelled out the dangers of this approach in his 2007 book Palestine: Peace not Apartheid (especially the final chapter).
Yeah, there are practicalities to consider. But Carter gave Israel and Egypt billions of dollars a year as a reward for agreeing to be peaceful neighbors and (I believe) to lessen tensions in the region. Israel is breaking that compact.
Cheers,
Scott.
oldgold
I went to school with Norman Coleman.
Then, he was extraordinarily hungry and hollow. It does not seem that much has changed.
B.B.A.
@debbie: The die was cast when Herzl decided the answer to the murderous oppression of Jews in Europe was to invade a foreign country and murderously oppress the native population there.
sharl
This is hugely important in understanding how U.S. domestic politics interacts with the world these days, Israel included. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo is such a Christian, as he has made obvious in recent public comments.
In Israel-specific discussions, “Christian Zionists” is often the term used (correctly so, in my opinion). And hooo-boy, if you don’t think Christian Zionists can be anti-semitic as hell, a sampling of their social media commentary will quickly straighten you out on that! But since their dream is a convert-or-die Armageddon for devoted Jews, their anti-semitism should come as no surprise.
I didn’t see a link for it at the time, but someone on my Twitter TL said Netanyahu has commented that AIPAC is of much less value to Israel than it once was, because these days Christian Zionists have numbers and political power that far outweigh Jewish Zionists in American politics. I think he’s correct, and apparently so does leadership elsewhere in the world, e.g., Middle Eastern leaders are also now seeking to make nice with U.S. Christian Dominionists/Zionists in order to get better access to the current Administration. It’s now behind a paywall, but here’s a piece from Haaretz on that: “Why Muslim and Arab Countries Are Working So Hard to Win Over U.S. Evangelicals”.
ETA: A guy on twitter noted the header image on the homepage of the Republican Jewish Coalition (not “Committee” as I incorrectly said earlier), and asks ‘how many of the people depicted there are Jewish?’ Very few if any, afaict. Link: https://twitter.com/KrangTNelson/status/1114570045605048320
Dmbeaster
This is Israel being true to its founding spirit. Seize lands from Arabs, and ethnically cleanse Arabs to insure a Jewish majority in the enlarged Israel. This has been going on since 1948. It is a fundamental cause of violence (along with Arab resistance to the creation of the Jewush state).
How can an alleged democracy behave in this manner? How is it in the interest of the US to support or even tolerate this? At some point, it is time to recognize that Israel is not the friend of the US.
Dmbeaster
@B.B.A.: Too true. The founders of Israel were happy to accept the 1948 UN resolution establishing Israel, but not the boundaries nor the other provision establishing the Palestinian state. The war became cover for a war of aggression to expand Israel and insure a Jewish majority. That spirit has existed as part of the founding of Israel, and as you point out, moving to Israel to form the Jewish state treated the existing inhabitants as squatters right from the beginning.
The problem with Israel is that it has to be a Jewish state in lands where Jews were a minority, which required violence toward Arabs not willing to accept second class status.
B.B.A.
Why do they even bother holding elections in Israel anymore? Everyone knows that Netanyahu is going to win.
Cheryl Rofer
I’m in between several things and will probably disappear pretty soon, but let me do a bit of devil’s advocating.
If Bibi annexes the West Bank, there will be little response.
Saudi Arabia has allied (sorta) with Israel and doesn’t give a flip for the Palestinians. Like the Yemenis, they are weak and deserve to be crushed, in KSA’s thinking.
Other groups of Palestinians are too weak to mount a response. The constant erosion of their lands within Israel has taken a toll, and those outside Israel are not coordinated or powerful enough to do much. Gaza can be bombed into submission.
Jordan can’t do much of anything.
There will be some rock-throwing and some rockets from Gaza. Israel will put them down.
I suspect that is Bibi’s thinking. And I’m not sure he’s wrong.
Parfigliano
I just want it on record….Israel will be the death of this country
debbie
@Cheryl Rofer:
That is an even sadder outcome.
StringOnAStick
This is so, so not good. I’ve been clear that this has been Bibi’s goal since he got into politics but it took the perfect storm of getting tRump into office here to make that happen much sooner than I expected
eemom
@sharl:
Just want to second the rec for the “Israeli Left” piece you mentioned, which I read yesterday. Really excellent and thorough, albeit grim as shit, analysis of the whole hopeless clusterfuck.
J R in WV
@B.B.A.:
I don’t know if a decision was made to be murderously oppressive, but once you decide to invade and seize territory where people have been tending olive groves for hundreds of years, the murder and oppression quickly becomes “necessary for the task at hand”, doesn’t it?
AT first Zionist Jews peacefully moved to Palestine and bought small farms from people willing to sell, starting in the late 1800s, so pretty peaceful. Then came WW I and the fall of the Ottomans, the seizure of the Middle East by France and England mostly, and then WW II and the rise of fascism and Nazism and the final solution.
Once the aroma of authoritarianism wafts into the brains of would-be leadership, that’s pretty much a critical tipping point, isn’t it?!! NO matter which tribes are involved…
Pretty much everything since the rise of Hitler follows
Adam L Silverman
@Jerzy Russian: Fixed.
J R in WV
@Parfigliano:
Fixed that for you. When the first nuke goes off in any middle eastern arena, there will be hell to pay, because other nations will respond eventually, against their perceived existential enemies.
Lots of secrets out there.
Jay
@Cheryl Rofer:
@debbie:
Internally, and in much of the Middle East, that’s what will happen.
The Arab Streel is going to react differently. Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Iran will react differently.
In a bunch of the West and others, BDS will ramp up, and some Countries will enact sanctions.
Israel made it very clear under Sharon that they were going to slow walk their way to The One State solution and has also made it clear, that to keep The One State jewish, they are going to use slavery, genocide and mass ethnic cleansing.
Brachiator
@Parfigliano:
If Trump doesn’t kill it first.
J R in WV
I’m spending more time at GoComics lately. Helps with the stress. And when I’m driving around for errands, I listen to Jazz channels now, or sometimes the Blues channel. Saturday I heard Ella F and Sarah V and Duke and Miles and Ornett, and… it was so relaxing.
Jay
@J R in WV:
“AT first Zionist Jews peacefully moved to Palestine and bought small farms from people willing to sell, starting in the late 1800s, so pretty peaceful.”
Yes, and no. Under the Ottoman System, a lot of people who had the legal title to the lands, lived in Instanbul, and had always lived in Istanbul. The Palistinians who lived on and worked the land, for a thousand years, had the legal status of serf’s. A lot of the farms were purchased from absentee landlords, then cleared through Ottoman, later British Courts, and the inhabitants cleared with force.
Some of the land acquired, was barren land left fallow or “wild”, that was reclaimed with more modern techniques of dikeing, ditching and drainage.
The sad thing is, the Palistinians are just Jews, who converted to Christianity under the Romans, or Jews who converted to Islam, and stayed.
Mary G
Pompeo scares the crap out of me, because he’s a true believer in this cult of “Baby Jeebus will return when Israel goes up in flames.”
Mike in Pasadena
Adam, excellent description and analysis of the situation in the West Bank. Make it, the best I have ever read. And now, for the first time, I understand why this situation has the potential to start a really violent period in the Middle East. Thanks.
NotMax
@J R in WV
Can’t help but enjoy it.
Bostonian
I don’t know what can be done at this point to restrain the continued abuse of the Palestinian people. The US is not going to help. There are some slightly encouraging things going on at the UN Human Rights Council.
https://www.jta.org/quick-reads/un-commission-says-israel-committed-war-crimes-during-gaza-border-protests
It’s conceivable that, if war crimes are recognized by the UN, arrests of Israeli soldiers, such as the snipers who have been murdering children lately, could occur outside of Israel.
Jay
@Bostonian:
“It’s conceivable that, if war crimes are recognized by the UN, arrests of Israeli soldiers, such as the snipers who have been murdering children lately, could occur outside of Israel.”
It’s more likely the warrants would go out on the Generals and Politicians who crafted the policy, but it’s doubtful there would be any arrests.
It’s more likely that it would be used as grounds for sanctions and embargos.
John Revolta
@Mary G: And Pence. And, or so I hear, most of the bigwigs in the Air Force.
Bill Arnold
The thing that weirded me out the most about the RJC speech was where he raised what was supposed to be a macho fist, and the fist was wrong – he doesn’t know how to make a fist!.
https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e7f5d984d2dde321dd8eae3730d3efde83e6829e/0_0_3226_1935/master/3226.jpg
(Here’s how; http://asaikarate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/How-to-make-fist.jpg ; a fist like Trump’s will probably suffer damage if it hits anything hard.)
Is this a regular thing with DJT? Here’s a DJT double fist pump with better fists: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdqBL1ZnMX4
And yeah, the language (in a few places) asserting as fact RJC dual loyalty (or loyalty only to Israel) was — inconsistent with the attacks on Rep Omar.
Anyway, thanks for the maps in particular Adam; they are stark. (Is there a good source for such maps? I recall looking several years ago and having trouble finding such maps; not impossible, but hard.)
Bostonian
@Jay: I think you’re right. Trials for war criminals of the Balkan conflicts came only after conflicts died down. Israel is capable of continuing conflict and war crimes for centuries, with our help.
Jay
@Bill Arnold:
Google “time lapse expansion of Israeli settlements” and you get results like this
https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/palestineremix/phone/maps_main.html
Bill Arnold
@Jay:
Sure, but I’ve been looking for maps without editorial propaganda. Adam’s piece has some very good maps[1] (that look honest) that make points without words. (The propaganda/narratives/emotional hooks have been competitively tuned for 70 years.)
Trump’s enabling of the Israeli right is actively harming Israel IMO, in the fullness of time.
[1] That resemble certain other historical maps. An obvious comparison Cannot Be Made, so I’ll go with this: https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-pale-of-settlement
Mart
We are openly meddling with the election. Where do Russia and China line up if this goes to hell?
Matt
Future GOP talking point circa 2022: “Mentioning the IDF machine-gunning people into mass graves is anti-Semitic”
Adam L Silverman
@Bill Arnold: B’Tselem:
https://www.btselem.org/
Here’s their omnibus links for their maps:
https://www.btselem.org/maps
And here’s the link to their interactive map:
https://www.btselem.org/map
Vox does a great explainer with maps at the link below. They indicate where they get the maps. The second one in is particularly useful.
https://www.vox.com/world/2016/12/30/14088842/israeli-settlements-explained-in-5-charts
Bill Arnold
@Adam L Silverman:
Thank you!
Adam L Silverman
@Bill Arnold: De nada.